Новый большой англо-русский словарь - by
Связанные словари
Перевод с английского языка by на русский
by
1. лежащий в стороне 2. второстепенный, необязательный 3. мимо he passed by without a word —- он прошел мимо, не сказав ни слова I can't get by —- я не мог пройти in days gone by —- в давние времена, очень давно time went by —- время прошло 4. близко, рядом no one was by —- рядом никого не было to stand by —- стоять рядом 5. в сторону stand (step) by! —- отойдите!, посторонитесь! 6. придает глаголам to put, to set, to lay значение: откладывать to put by money —- копить деньги put this work by for the moment —- отложите пока эту работу 7. ам. разг. внутрь, в дом come by —- зайди, когда будешь проходить мимо stop by —- загляни 8. уст. кроме того 9. в сочетаниях: by and by —- вскоре; уст. немедленно, сразу by and large —- ам. вообще говоря, в общем stand by! —- мор. приготовиться! by the by —- кстати, между прочим 10. в пространственном значении указывает на: 11. местонахождение вблизи чего-л.: 12. у, около, рядом, возле, при by the fire —- у (около) огня by the sea —- у моря, на берегу моря by the side of the road —- у обочины дороги to sit by smb. (by smb.'s side) —- сидеть рядом с кем-л. (около кого-л.) to stand by smb. —- стоять рядом с кем-л.; поддерживать кого-л., помогать кому-л. 13. движение мимо или вдоль предмета: 14. мимо, вдоль a path by the river —- тропинка вдоль реки to walk by smb., smth. —- пройти мимо кого-л., чего-л. 15. движение, прохождение через какой-л. пункт: 16. через to travel by Moscow —- ехать через Москву to come by the door —- войти в дверь 17. во временном значении указывает на приближение к какому-л. сроку или ограничение каким-л. сроком: 18. к by two o'clock —- к двум часам by the end of the year —- к концу года by then —- к тому времени he ought to be here by now —- (теперь) он должен был уже быть здесь by the time that... —- к тому времени, когда... 19. в течение by day —- днем by night —- ночью 20. (часто после глагола в пассиве) указывает на: 21. деятеля; при отсутствии глагола передается твор. падежом, а также род. падежом the play was written by Shakespeare —- эта пьеса была написана Шекспиром a novel by Dickens —- роман Диккенса a speech by the Foreign Secretary —- речь министра иностранных дел the city was destroyed by fire —- город был уничтожен пожаром the house was struck by lightning —- в дом ударила молния 22. средство, орудие: 23. посредством, при помощи (обыкн. передается также твор. падежом) engines driven by electricity —- машины, приводимые в действие электричеством roads linked by a bridge —- дороги, соединенные мостом absorption of moisture by activated carbon —- поглощение влаги активированным углем we broaden our outlook by learning langauges —- изучая языки, мы расширяем свой кругозор to get one's living by teaching —- зарабатывать на жизнь преподаванием he began the work by collecting material —- он начал работу со сбора материала 24. указывает на: 25. способ передвижения, пересылки и т. п.: 26. по, на (передается также твор. падежом) by air —- на самолете, самолетом by bus —- на автобусе, автобусом by rail —- по железной дороге by water —- по воде by post —- по почте by airmail —- воздушной почтой, авиапочтой by return post —- обратной почтой 27. характер действия, условия или сопутствующие обстоятельства, при которых оно протекает 28. в сочетании с существительными часто передается наречием by degress —- постепенно by turns —- поочередно, попеременно drop by drop —- по капле one by one, man by man —- поодиночке, по одному, один за одним day by day —- каждый день; день за днем; с каждым днем step by step —- шаг за шагом two by two, by twos —- по двое by three —- по трое to do smth. by the hour —- делать что-л. часами by good luck, by fortune —- по счастью by chance —- случайно by (an) error —- по ошибке 29. указывает на лицо, в интересах или в пользу которого совершается действие: 30. по отношению к to do one's duty by smb. —- выполнить (свой) долг по отношению к кому-л. to act (to deal, to do) well by smb. —- поступать хорошо по отношению к кому-л. 31. указывает на соответствие чему-л. или соотнесенность с чем-л.: 32. по, с, под by right —- по праву by the stipulations of the treaty —- по условиям договора by smb.'s request —- по чьей-л. просьбе by your permission (leave) —- с вашего позволения by your consent —- с вашего согласия twenty dergees by F. —- двадцать градусов по Фаренгейту by all accounts —- по сведениям to judge by smb.'s appearance —- судить по чьему-л. виде to know smb. by sight —- знать кого-л. в лицо to call a child by the name of smb. —- давать ребенку имя (называть ребенка) в честь кого-л. he goes by the name of John —- он известен под именем Джон to work by the rules —- работать по правилам 33. отцовство, редк. материнство: 34. от two children by her first husband —- двое детей от первого мужа he has one child by his first wife —- у него есть ребенок от первой жены Lightning by Napoleon out of Linda —- (лошадь) Лайтнинг от (жеребца) Наполеона и (кобылы) Линды 35. указывает на меры веса, длины, объема, по которым производится продажа 36. на, по (передается также твор. падежом) by the piece —- поштучно by the dozen —- редк. by dozens дюжинами to sell by the pound (by pounds) —- продавать на фунты (фунтами) 37. срок найма или способ оплаты: to pay by the month —- платить помесячно 38. указывает на причину, источник: 39. от to die by starvation (by hunger) —- умереть от голода to die by sword —- умереть (погибнуть) от меча to know by experience —- знать по опыту 40. указывает на количественное соотношение: 41. на older by two years —- старше на два года taller by a foot —- выше на фут a rise by 56 pounds —- увеличение на 56 фунтов to lessen by a third —- уменьшить на одну треть by far, by much —- намного to be better by far —- быть гораздо лучше 42. множитель или делитель: 43. на ten (multiplied) by two —- десять (помноженное) на два ten divided by two —- десять, деленное на два a hall twenty feet by ten —- зал площадью двадцать футов на десять 44. отнесение суммы в кредит счета: 45. на, в by 200 pounds —- на 200 фунтов 46. в адресах и названиях населенных пунктов: 47. из X by Dover X —- п(о Дувр 48. указывает на отклонение стрелки компаса или движение к северу, югу и т. п. North by East —- мор. норд-тень-ост the island lies North by East from here —- мор. остров лежит на северо-северо-восток отсюда 49. мор. с дифферентом (down) by the head —- с дифферентом на нос; на носу; носом вперед by the stern —- с дифферентом на корму; на корме; кормой вперед 50. воен. выражает команду by the right! —- направо! by the numbers! —- по подразделениям! 51. в сочетаниях: by dint of —- путем, посредством; с помощью (чего-л.) by dint of argument —- путем рассуждений he succeded by dint of perseverance —- он добился своего благодаря упорству by means of —- посредством he achieved success by means of hard work —- он добился успеха упорным трудом by virtue of —- посредством (чего-л.); благодаря (чему-л.); в силу (на основании) чего-л. by virtue of the treaty —- на основании договора by way of —- через we'll come back by way of mountains —- обратно мы пойдем через горы by the bye, by the way —- между прочим; кстати by land and by sea —- на суше и на море (all) by oneself —- один, в одиночестве; один, без посторонней помощи he did it (all) by himself —- он сделал это сам to have (to keep) smth. by one —- иметь что-л. при себе (с собой) he has no money by him —- у него при себе (с собой) нет денег
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1.
word of mouth устно BY dint of (употр. как предлог) посредством, путем BY wholesale оптом; в больших количествах BY 1. prep. 1) в пространственном значении указывает на: а) близость у, при, около; a house by the river дом у реки; a path by the river тропинка вдоль берега реки; б) прохождение мимо предмета или через определенное место мимо; we went by the house мы прошли мимо дома; we travelled by a village мы проехали через деревню 2) во временном значении указывает на приближение к определенному моменту, сроку и т.п. к by tomorrow - к завтрашнему дню by five oclock - к пяти часам; by then к тому времени 3) указывает на автора; передается тв. или род. падежом: a book by Tolstoy - книга, написанная Толстым, произведение Толстого the book was written by a famous writer - книга была написана знаменитым писателем 4) указывает на средство передвижения; передается тв. падежом by plane - самолетом; by air mail воздушной почтой; авиапочтой 5) указывает на причину, источник через, посредством, от, по to know by experience - знать по опыту to perish by starvation - погибнуть от голода 6) указывает на меры веса, длины и т.п. в, на, по; передается тж. тв. падежом by the yard - в ярдах, ярдами by the pound - в фунтах, фунтами 7) указывает на характер действия by chance - случайно by the law - по...Англо-русский словарь
Большой Англо-русский Русско-английский политехнический словарь
3.
prep., adv., & n. --prep. 1 near, beside, in the region of (stand by the door; sit by me; path by the river). 2 through the agency, means, instrumentality, or causation of (by proxy; bought by a millionaire; a poem by Donne; went by bus; succeeded by persisting; divide four by two). 3 not later than; as soon as (by next week; by now; by the time he arrives). 4 a past, beyond (drove by the church; came by us). b passing through; via (went by Paris). 5 in the circumstances of (by day; by daylight). 6 to the extent of (missed by a foot; better by far). 7 according to; using as a standard or unit (judge by appearances; paid by the hour). 8 with the succession of (worse by the minute; day by day; one by one). 9 concerning; in respect of (did our duty by them; Smith by name; all right by me). 10 used in mild oaths (orig. = as surely as one believes in) (by God; by gum; swear by all that is sacred). 11 placed between specified lengths in two directions (three feet by two). 12 avoiding, ignoring (pass by him; passed us by). 13 inclining to (north by north-west). --adv. 1 near (sat by, watching; lives close by). 2 aside; in reserve (put {pound}5 by). 3 past (they marched by). --n. = BYE. Phrases and idioms by and by before long; eventually. by and large on the whole, everything considered. by the by (or bye) incidentally, parenthetically. by oneself 1 a unaided. b without prompting. 2 alone; without company. Etymology: OE bi, bi, be f. Gmc ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
I. preposition Etymology: Middle English, preposition & adverb, from Old English, preposition, be, bi; akin to Old High German bi ~, near, Latin ambi- on both sides, around, Greek amphi Date: before 12th century 1. in proximity to ; near standing ~ the window 2. a. through or through the medium of ; via enter ~ the door b. in the direction of ; toward north ~ east c. into the vicinity of and beyond ; past went right ~ him 3. a. during the course of studied ~ night b. not later than ~ 2 p.m. 4. a. through the agency or instrumentality of ~ force b. born or begot of c. sired or borne ~ 5. with the witness or sanction of swear ~ all that is holy 6. a. in conformity with acted ~ the rules b. according to called her ~ name 7. a. on behalf of did right ~ his children b. with respect to a lawyer ~ profession 8. a. in or to the amount or extent of win ~ a nose b. chiefly Scottish in comparison with ; beside 9. — used as a function word to indicate successive units or increments little ~ little walk two ~ two 10. — used as a function word in multiplication, in division, and in measurements divide a ~ b multiply 10 ~ 4 a room 15 feet ~ 20 feet 11. in the opinion of ; from the point of view of okay ~ me II. adverb Date: before 12th century 1. a. close at hand ; near b. at or to another's home stop ~ 2. past saw him go ~ 3. aside, away III. adjective or ~e Date: 14th century 1. being off the main route ; side 2. incidental IV. noun or ~e (plural ~es) Date: 1567 something of secondary importance ; a side issue V. interjection or ~e Etymology: short for good~e Date: 1709 — used to express farewell; often used with following now ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
5.
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English. Note: In addition to the uses shown below, 'by' is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘abide by’, ‘put by’, and ‘stand by’. 1. If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it. The feast was served by his mother and sisters... I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism... The town has been under attack by rebel groups for a week now. PREP 2. If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it. ...a painting by Van Gogh... ‘Jacob’s Ladder’, the newest film by Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story. PREP 3. If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing. We’ll be travelling by car. ...dinners by candlelight. PREP 4. If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing. Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan... The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world... By using the air ambulance to transport patients between hospitals, they can save up to ?15,000 per patient. PREP: PREP -ing 5. You use by in phrases such as ‘by chance’ or ‘by accident’ to indicate whether or not an event was planned. I met him by chance out walking yesterday... He opened Ingrid’s letter by mistake... Whether by design or accident his timing was perfect. PREP 6. If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into. I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature... She’s a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women... Her parents were in fact American by birth. PREP: adj/n PREP n 7. If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
6.
~1 prep 1 used especially with a passive1 (2) v to show the person or thing that does something or makes something happen (I was attacked by a dog. | The building was designed by a famous architect. | We are all alarmed by the rise in violent crime.) 2 using or doing a particular thing (You can reserve the tickets by phone. | Send it by airmail. | I know her by sight. (=recognize her face) | by doing sth) (She earns her living by selling insurance. | by train/plane/car) (We're travelling to London by train.) 3 passing through or along a particular place (They came in by the back door. | It's quicker to go by the country route.) 4 beside or near something (She stood by the window looking out over the fields. | Jane went and sat by Patrick.) 5 if you move or travel by someone or something, you go past them without stopping (He walked by without noticing me. | I go by the Vicarage every day on my way to work.) 6 used to show the name of someone who wrote a book, produced a film, wrote a piece of music etc (the `New World Symphony' by Dvorak) 7 not later than a particular time date etc (The documents need to be ready by next Friday. | I reckon the film should be over by 9.30.) 8 according to a particular rule, method, or way of doing things (You've got to play by the rules. | Profits were $6 million, but by their standards this is low.) 9 used to show the amount or degree of something (The price of oil fell by a further $2 a barrel. | I was overcharged by $3. | by far (=by a large amount or degree)) (Godard's first film was better by far.) 10 used to show the part of a piece of equipment or of someone's body that someone takes or holds (He took her by the arm and led her across the road. | She grabbed the hammer by the handle.) 11 used when expressing strong feelings or making serious promises (By God, I'll kill that boy when I see him!) 12 used between two numbers that you are multiplying or dividing (What's 48 divided by 4?) 13 used when giving the measurements of a room, container etc (a room 15 metres by 23...Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
7.
mil. abbr. Budget Year country abbr. Belarus univ. abbr. Brigham Young gen. bus. abbr. Brand Y NYSE symbols Bway Corporation ...English abbreviation dictionary
8.
See: TOO --- BY HALF. BY or in my book {adv. phr.} In my opinion; as far as I am concerned; in my judgment. * /By my book, Mr. Murgatroyd is not a very good department head./ ...Английский словарь американских идиом
9.
- O.E. be (unstressed) or bi (stressed), from P.Gmc. *bi "around, about," from *umbi, from PIE *ambhi "around." Originally an adverbial particle of place, in which sense it is retained in place names (Whitby, Grimsby, etc.). Eliptical use for "secondary course" (opposed to main) was in O.E. Bygone is in M.E.; by-product is from 1857; bystander from 1619; bypass is 1848 of certain pipes in a gasworks, 1922 for "road for the relief of congestion." Phrase by and by (M.E.) originally meant "one by one," modern sense is from 1526. ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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